12/15/2023 0 Comments United to regress to imperial measuresWe make use of changing local authority (LA) expenditure in England to assess impacts on food purchasing. Objectives: Changes in public sector service spending may influence food consumption. Mason KE, Laverty AA et al., 2022, Changes to local area public sector spending and food purchasing in England: a longitudinal ecological study, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, Vol: 5, Pages: 72-86, ISSN: 2516-5542 We estimated that an additional 104 063 infant deaths (inc An estimated 12 392 neonatal deaths in 18 countries and 8932 infant deaths in 15 countries were avoided over 3 years following the implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation was followed by a mean yearly decrease of 1♶3% in neonatal mortality and a mean yearly decrease of 1♳3% in infant mortality. We were able to construct a synthetic control country for 18 countries for neonatal mortality and for 15 countries for infant mortality. We compared the distribution of the legislation effects with that of the placebo effects to assess the likelihood that the observed effect was related to the implementation of smoke-free legislation and not merely influenced by other processes.Findings31 (29%) of 106 middle-income countries introduced comprehensive smoke-free legislation and had outcome data for at least 3 years after the intervention. Overall legislation effect was the mean average of country-specific effects weighted by the number of livebirths. For each middle-income country with comprehensive smoke-free legislation, a synthetic control country was constructed from middle-income countries without comprehensive smoke-free legislation, but with similar prelegislation trends in the outcome and predictor variables. Outcome variables were neonatal (age 0–28 days) mortality and infant (age 0–12 months) mortality rates per 1000 livebirths per year. We aimed to estimate the effects of implementing comprehensive smoke-free legislation on neonatal mortality and infant mortality across all middle-income countries.MethodsWe applied the synthetic control method using 1990–2018 country-level panel data for 106 middle-income countries from the WHO, World Bank, and Penn World datasets. Smokers were more likely to report attending hospital to manage their most recent AECOPD compared to ex-smokers (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI 0.99- 1.59).įilippidis FT, Millett C, Sheikh A, Been JV et al., 2022, Effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on neonatal mortality and infant mortality across 106 middle-income countries: a synthetic control study, The Lancet Public Health, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 2468-2667īackgroundThere are few quantitative studies into the effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on neonatal and infant mortality in middle-income countries. Methods: 5997 patients, mean 66 years, 64% female, completed an online survey between December 2020 and May 2021 about living with COPD developed by the charity Asthma+Lung UK.Results: The 3731(62.2%) survey participants reporting frequent(>2/year) exacerbations were more likely to smoke (AOR 1.70, 95%CI 1.470-1.98), have lower annual household income (<£20,000, (AOR: 1.72, 1.36-2.17), live in a cold and damp home (AOR: 1.78, 1.50-2.11), and report previous occupational exposure to dust, fumes, and chemicals. Laverty A, Nicholas H et al., 2022, Smoking and socio-economic factors linked to acute exacerbations of COPD: analysis from an Asthma + Lung UK survey, BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2052-4439īackground: Understanding the factors driving acute exacerbations of COPD is key to reducing their impact on human health and wellbeing.
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